Chapter 10: Density classes

Figure 1

func<-"prod"

# frame 1
marginal<-"polyno"
s<-10
N<-c(40,40)
yla<-1
ala<--yla
support<-c(ala,yla,ala,yla)
ef<-pcf.func(func,N,support=support,marginal=marginal,g=s)
dp<-draw.pcf(ef)
contour(dp$x,dp$y,dp$z) #,drawlabels=FALSE,col="black")  

# frame 2
marginal<-"polyno"
s<-2
N<-c(32,32)
yla<-1
ala<--yla
support<-c(ala,yla,ala,yla)
ef<-pcf.func(func,N,support=support,marginal=marginal,g=s)
dp<-draw.pcf(ef)
contour(dp$x,dp$y,dp$z) #,nlevels=30) 

# frame 3
marginal<-"polyno"
s<-1
N<-c(100,100)
yla<-1
ala<--yla
support<-c(ala,yla,ala,yla)
ef<-pcf.func(func,N,support=support,marginal=marginal,g=s)
dp<-draw.pcf(ef)
contour(dp$x,dp$y,dp$z,nlevels=20) 

# frame 4
marginal<-"polyno"
s<-0.5
N<-c(100,100)
yla<-1
ala<--yla
support<-c(ala,yla,ala,yla)
ef<-pcf.func(func,N,support=support,marginal=marginal,g=s)
dp<-draw.pcf(ef)
contour(dp$x,dp$y,dp$z,nlevels=20)

# frame 5
marginal<-"double"
N<-c(100,100)
yla<-4
ala<--yla
support<-c(ala,yla,ala,yla)
ef<-pcf.func(func,N,support=support,marginal=marginal)
dp<-draw.pcf(ef)
contour(dp$x,dp$y,dp$z,nlevels=20,xlim=c(-3.5,3.5),ylim=c(-3.5,3.5)) 

# frame 6
marginal<-"student"
N<-c(100,100)
t<-3
yla<-4
ala<--yla
support<-c(ala,yla,ala,yla)
ef<-pcf.func(func,N,g=t,support=support,marginal=marginal)
dp<-draw.pcf(ef)
contour(dp$x,dp$y,dp$z,nlevels=30,xlim=c(-4,4),ylim=c(-4,4))

# frame 7
marginal<-"student"
N<-c(100,100)
t<-1
yla<-5
ala<--yla
support<-c(ala,yla,ala,yla)
ef<-pcf.func(func,N,g=t,support=support,marginal=marginal)
dp<-draw.pcf(ef)
contour(dp$x,dp$y,dp$z,nlevels=30,xlim=c(-5,5),ylim=c(-5,5))

# frame 8
marginal<-"student"
N<-c(140,140)
t<-0.5
yla<-10
ala<--yla
support<-c(ala,yla,ala,yla)
ef<-pcf.func(func,N,g=t,support=support,marginal=marginal)
dp<-draw.pcf(ef)
contour(dp$x,dp$y,dp$z,nlevels=30,xlim=c(-8,8),ylim=c(-8,8)) 

Figure 2

func<-"gauss"
marginal<-"unif"
corona<-3
rho<-c(0.1,0.4,0.8)

# frames 1-3
N<-c(100,100)
rho<-c(0.1,0.4,0.8)
for (i in 1:length(rho)){
   r<-rho[i]
   ef<-pcf.func(func,N,marginal=marginal,r=r) 
   dp<-draw.pcf(ef)
   contour(dp$x,dp$y,dp$z,nlevels=50,xlim=c(0,1),ylim=c(0,1)) 
}

# frames 4-6
N<-c(32,32)
for (i in 1:length(rho)){
   r<-rho[i]
   ef<-pcf.func(func,N,marginal=marginal,r=r) 
   dp<-draw.pcf(ef,corona=corona)
   persp(dp$x,dp$y,dp$z,theta=-25,phi=40,ticktype="detailed",
   xlab="",ylab="",zlab="") 
}

Figure 3

func<-"gauss"
N<-c(100,100)  
marginal<-"student"
yla<-6
ala<--yla
support<-c(ala,yla,ala,yla)
r<-0.8 
teet<-c(1,2,4)

# frames 1-3
for (i in 1:length(teet)){
  t<-rep(teet[i],2)
  pcf<-pcf.func(func,N,t=t,support=support,marginal=marginal,r=r)
  dp<-draw.pcf(pcf)
  contour(dp$x,dp$y,dp$z,nlevel=100,xlim=c(-6,6),ylim=c(-6,6))
}

Figure 4

func<-"gauss"
marginal<-"student"

r<-0.8 
teet<-c(1,2,4)
yla<-6
ala<--yla
support<-c(ala,yla,ala,yla)

cova<-matrix(1,2,2)
cova[1,2]<-r
cova[2,1]<-r
t<-rep(teet[3],2)

N<-c(120,120)
pcf<-pcf.func(func,N,t=t,support=support,marginal=marginal,r=r)
dp<-draw.pcf(pcf)

propor<-0.005  #lev<-0.005*max(pcf$value)
st.big<-leafsfirst(pcf,propor=propor,refe=c(0,0))
st<-treedisc(st.big,pcf,ngrid=100)
st2<-prunemodes(st,modenum=2)
st22<-prunemodes(st.big,modenum=2)  

paletti<-c("red","blue","green",
 "orange","navy","darkgreen",
 "orchid","aquamarine","turquoise",
 "pink","violet","magenta","chocolate","cyan",
 colors()[50:657],colors()[50:657])

ts<-tree.segme(st22,pcf=pcf,paletti=paletti)

# frame 1
  draw.levset(pcf,propor=propor,col=ts)
  text(-4.5,-4.5,"M2")
  text(4.5,4.5,"M1")

# frame 2 
  plotvolu(st2,colo=TRUE,ptext=0.3,proba=TRUE,modelabel=TRUE)

# frame 3 
  plotbary(st2,modelabel=TRUE,ptext=0.3)
 
# frame 4
  plotbary(st2,modelabel=TRUE,coordi=2,ptext=0.3)

Figure 5

r<-0.8 
teet<-c(1,2,4)

cova<-matrix(1,2,2)
cova[1,2]<-r
cova[2,1]<-r
t<-rep(teet[3],2)

seed<-4  
n<-1000
dendat<-sim.data(n=n,cova=cova,type="gauss",marginal="student",t=t,seed=seed)
rl<-min(dendat)
ru<-max(dendat)

rho<-1.4
tt<-leafsfirst(dendat=dendat,rho=rho)

paletti<-c("red","blue","green",
 "orange","navy","darkgreen",
 "orchid","aquamarine","turquoise",
 "pink","violet","magenta","chocolate","cyan",
 colors()[50:657],colors()[50:657])
ts<-tree.segme(tt,paletti=paletti)

# frame 1 
   plot(dendat,col=ts,xlim=c(rl,ru),ylim=c(rl,ru),
        xlab="coordinate 1",ylab="coordinate 2")
   text(4.5,5.5,"A")
   text(-5,-5,"B")
 
# frame 2
   plotvolu(tt,modelabel=FALSE,colo=TRUE)
   text(450,7,"A")
   text(550,9,"B")

# frame 3 
   plotbary(tt,coordi=1,modelabel=FALSE) 
   text(4,8,"A")
   text(-4,8,"B")

# frame 4 
   plotbary(tt,coordi=2,modelabel=FALSE) 
   text(4,8,"A")
   text(-3,9,"B")

Figure 6

func<-"gauss"
marginal<-"student"

r<-0.8 
teet<-c(1,2,4)
yla<-8
ala<--yla
support<-c(ala,yla,ala,yla)

cova<-matrix(1,2,2)
cova[1,2]<-r
cova[2,1]<-r
t<-rep(teet[1],2)

N<-c(120,120)
pcf<-pcf.func(func,N,t=t,support=support,marginal=marginal,r=r)
dp<-draw.pcf(pcf)

propor<-0.005  #lev<-0.005*max(pcf$value)
st.big<-leafsfirst(pcf,propor=propor,refe=c(0,0))

modenum<-4
st22<-prunemodes(st.big,modenum=modenum)  

st.pro<-leafsfirst(pcf,propor=propor,refe=c(0,0),levmet="proba")
stpro22<-prunemodes(st.pro,modenum=modenum)  

paletti<-c("red","blue","green",
 "orange","navy","darkgreen",
 "orchid","aquamarine","turquoise",
 "pink","violet","magenta","chocolate","cyan",
 colors()[50:657],colors()[50:657])

ts<-tree.segme(st22,pcf=pcf,paletti=paletti)

# frame 1
  draw.levset(pcf,propor=propor,col=ts)

# frame 2
# Warning: the calculation can take a long time
  plotvolu(st22,colo=TRUE) 

# frame 3
# Warning: the calculation can take a long time
  plotvolu(st22,colo=TRUE,ptext=0.3,proba=TRUE) 

# frame 4
# Warning: the calculation can take a long time
  plotvolu(stpro22,colo=TRUE,ptext=0.003) 

Figure 7

func<-"student"
marginal<-"unif"
rho<-c(0.1,0.4,0.8)
df<-4

# frames 1-3
  N<-c(100,100)
  for (i in 1:length(rho)){
     r<-rho[i]
     ef<-pcf.func(func,N,marginal=marginal,r=r,df=df) 
     dp<-draw.pcf(ef)
     contour(dp$x,dp$y,dp$z,nlevels=50,xlab="",ylab="") 
  }

# frames 4-6
  N<-c(35,35)
  for (i in 1:length(rho)){
     r<-rho[i]
     ef<-pcf.func(func,N,marginal=marginal,r=r,df=df) 
     dp<-draw.pcf(ef,pnum=c(30,30))
     persp(dp$x,dp$y,dp$z,theta=-25,phi=40,ticktype="detailed",
     xlab="",ylab="",zlab="") 
  }

Figure 8

func<-"student"
N<-c(100,100)  
marginal<-"normal"
yla<-4
ala<--yla
support<-c(ala,yla,ala,yla)
r<-0.6
teet<-c(1,2,4)

# frames 1-3
for (i in 1:length(teet)){
  df<-teet[i]
  pcf<-pcf.func(func,N,support=support,marginal=marginal,r=r,df=df)
  dp<-draw.pcf(pcf)
  contour(dp$x,dp$y,dp$z,nlevel=50)
}

Figure 9

func<-"student"
marginal<-"normal"
yla<-4
ala<--yla
support<-c(ala,yla,ala,yla)
r<-0.6
teet<-c(1,2,4)
N<-c(140,140)  
df<-teet[1]

cova<-matrix(1,2,2)
cova[1,2]<-r
cova[2,1]<-r

pcf<-pcf.func(func,N,support=support,marginal=marginal,r=r,df=df)
dp<-draw.pcf(pcf)

propor<-0.005  #lev<-0.005*max(pcf$value)
st.big<-leafsfirst(pcf,propor=propor,refe=c(0,0))
st<-treedisc(st.big,pcf,ngrid=100)
modenum<-4
st22<-prunemodes(st.big,modenum=modenum)  

paletti<-c("red","blue","green",
 "orange","navy","darkgreen",
 "orchid","aquamarine","turquoise",
 "pink","violet","magenta","chocolate","cyan",
 colors()[50:657],colors()[50:657])

paletti<-c("red","blue","green",
 "orange","orange","green",
 "red","aquamarine","navy",
 "blue","violet","magenta","chocolate","cyan")

ts<-tree.segme(st.big,pcf=pcf,paletti=paletti)

# frame 1
  draw.levset(pcf,propor=propor,col=ts)
  text(-3.8,-3.8,"M1")
  text(3.3,-3.3,"M2")
  text(-3.3,3.3,"M3")
  text(3.8,3.8,"M4")

# frame 2
  plotvolu(st,colo=TRUE,ptext=0.3,proba=TRUE,modelabel=TRUE)

# frame 3
  plotbary(st,modelabel=TRUE,ptext=0.3)

# frame 4
  plotbary(st,modelabel=TRUE,coordi=2,ptext=0.3)

Figure 10

r<-0.6
teet<-c(1,2,4)

cova<-matrix(1,2,2)
cova[1,2]<-r
cova[2,1]<-r
df<-teet[1]

seed<-4  
n<-1000
dendat<-sim.data(n=n,cova=cova,type="student",marginal="gauss",df=df,seed=seed)
rl<-min(dendat)
ru<-max(dendat)

rho<-1
tt<-leafsfirst(dendat=dendat,rho=rho)

paletti<-c("red","blue","green",
 "orange","navy","darkgreen",
 "orchid","aquamarine","turquoise",
 "pink","violet","magenta","chocolate","cyan",
 colors()[50:657],colors()[50:657])
ts<-tree.segme(tt,paletti=paletti)

# frame 1 
   plot(dendat,col=ts,xlim=c(rl,ru),ylim=c(rl,ru),
        xlab="coordinate 1",ylab="coordinate 2")
   text(-3,-3,"M2")
   text(3,-3,"M1")
   text(-3,3,"M4")
   text(3,3,"M3")

# frame 2
   plotvolu(tt,modelabel=TRUE,colo=TRUE,ptext=0.2)

# frame 3
   plotbary(tt,coordi=1,modelabel=TRUE,ptext=0.2) 

# frame 4
   plotbary(tt,coordi=2,modelabel=TRUE,ptext=0.2) 

Figure 11

func<-"student"
marginal<-"normal"

r<-0.6
teet<-c(1,2,4)
yla<-6
ala<--yla
support<-c(ala,yla,ala,yla)

cova<-matrix(1,2,2)
cova[1,2]<-r
cova[2,1]<-r
df<-teet[2]

N<-c(120,120)
pcf<-pcf.func(func,N,support=support,marginal=marginal,r=r,df=df)
dp<-draw.pcf(pcf)

propor<-0.005  #lev<-0.005*max(pcf$value)
st.big<-leafsfirst(pcf,propor=propor,refe=c(0,0))
st.pro<-leafsfirst(pcf,propor=propor,refe=c(0,0),levmet="proba")
modenum<-4

st22<-prunemodes(st.big,modenum=modenum)  
stpro22<-prunemodes(st.pro,modenum=modenum)  

paletti<-c("red","blue","green",
 "orange","navy","darkgreen",
 "orchid","aquamarine","turquoise",
 "pink","violet","magenta","chocolate","cyan",
 colors()[50:657],colors()[50:657])

ts<-tree.segme(st22,pcf=pcf,paletti=paletti)

# frame 1
  draw.levset(pcf,propor=propor,col=ts,bound=c(-4.5,4.5,-4.5,4.5))

# frame 2
  plotvolu(st22,colo=TRUE) 

# frame 3
  plotvolu(st22,colo=TRUE,ptext=0.3,proba=TRUE,paletti=paletti) 

# frame 4
  plotvolu(stpro22,colo=TRUE,ptext=0.003)  

Figure 12

func<-"gumbel"
marginal<-"unif"
geet<-c(1.5,2,4)

# frames 1-3
  N<-c(70,70)
  for (i in 1:length(geet)){
     g<-geet[i]
     ef<-pcf.func(func,N,marginal=marginal,g=g) 
     dp<-draw.pcf(ef)
     contour(dp$x,dp$y,dp$z,nlevels=70,xlab="",ylab="") 
  }
 
# frames 4-6
  N<-c(40,40)
  for (i in 1:length(geet)){
     g<-geet[i]
     ef<-pcf.func(func,N,marginal=marginal,g=g) 
     dp<-draw.pcf(ef)
     persp(dp$x,dp$y,dp$z,theta=-25,phi=40,ticktype="detailed",
     xlab="",ylab="",zlab="") 
  }

Figure 13

func<-"gumbel"
N<-c(100,100)  
marginal<-"gauss"
yla<-3
ala<--yla
support<-c(ala,yla,ala,yla)
geet<-c(1.5,2,4)

# frames 1-3
for (i in 1:length(geet)){
  g<-geet[i]
  pcf<-pcf.func(func,N,support=support,marginal=marginal,g=g)
  dp<-draw.pcf(pcf)
  contour(dp$x,dp$y,dp$z,nlevel=50)
}

Figure 14

func<-"gumbel"
marginal<-"normal"
yla<-4
ala<--yla
support<-c(ala,yla,ala,yla)
g<-4 

N<-c(120,120)  

pcf<-pcf.func(func,N,support=support,marginal=marginal,g=g)
dp<-draw.pcf(pcf)

propor<-0.005  #lev<-0.005*max(pcf$value)
st.big<-leafsfirst(pcf,propor=propor,refe=c(0,0))
modenum<-2
st22<-prunemodes(st.big,modenum=modenum)  

paletti<-c("red","blue","green",
 "orange","navy","darkgreen",
 "orchid","aquamarine","turquoise",
 "pink","violet","magenta","chocolate","cyan",
 colors()[50:657],colors()[50:657])

paletti<-c("red","blue","green")

ts<-tree.segme(st22,pcf=pcf,paletti=paletti)

# frame 1
  draw.levset(pcf,propor=propor,col=ts)
  text(-3.5,-3.5,"M2")
  text(3.9,3.9,"M1")

# frame 2
  plotvolu(st22,colo=TRUE,ptext=0.3,proba=TRUE,modelabel=TRUE)

# frame 3
  plotbary(st22,modelabel=TRUE,ptext=0.3)

# frame 4
  plotbary(st22,modelabel=TRUE,coordi=2,ptext=0.3)

Figure 15

g<-4
seed<-2
n<-1000

library(copula)
family="gumbel"
c.cop<-archmCopula(family, param=g, dim=2)
set.seed(seed)
dendat<-rcopula(c.cop, n=n)
dendat<-qnorm(dendat)

rl<-min(dendat)
ru<-max(dendat)

rho<-1
tt<-leafsfirst(dendat=dendat,rho=rho)

paletti<-c("red","blue","green",
 "orange","navy","darkgreen",
 "orchid","aquamarine","turquoise",
 "pink","violet","magenta","chocolate","cyan",
 colors()[50:657],colors()[50:657])
ts<-tree.segme(tt,paletti=paletti)

# frame 1 
   plot(dendat,col=ts,xlim=c(rl,ru),ylim=c(rl,ru),
        xlab="coordinate 1",ylab="coordinate 2")
   text(-3.2,-3,"M2")
   text(3,3.3,"M1")

# frame 2
   plotvolu(tt,modelabel=TRUE,colo=TRUE,ptext=0.2)

# frame 3
   plotbary(tt,coordi=1,modelabel=TRUE,ptext=0.2) 

# frame 4
   plotbary(tt,coordi=2,modelabel=TRUE,ptext=0.2) 

Figure 16

func<-"gumbel"
marginal<-"normal"
yla<-4
ala<--yla
support<-c(ala,yla,ala,yla)
g<-2

N<-c(120,120)
pcf<-pcf.func(func,N,support=support,marginal=marginal,g=g)
dp<-draw.pcf(pcf)

propor<-0.005  #lev<-0.005*max(pcf$value)
st.big<-leafsfirst(pcf,propor=propor,refe=c(0,0))
modenum<-2
st22<-prunemodes(st.big,modenum=modenum)  

st.pro<-leafsfirst(pcf,propor=propor,refe=c(0,0),levmet="proba")
st.pro.22<-prunemodes(st.pro,modenum=modenum)

paletti<-c("red","blue","green")

ts<-tree.segme(st22,pcf=pcf,paletti=paletti)

# frame 1
  draw.levset(pcf,propor=propor,col=ts)
  text(-3.5,-3.5,"M2")
  text(3.9,3.9,"M1")

# frame 2
  plotvolu(st22,colo=TRUE,ptext=0.3,modelabel=TRUE)

# frame 3
  plotvolu(st22,colo=TRUE,ptext=0.3,proba=TRUE,modelabel=TRUE)

# frame 4
  plotvolu(st.pro.22,colo=TRUE,ptext=0.003,modelabel=TRUE)

Figure 17

func<-"clayton"
marginal<-"unif"
geet<-c(1,2,4)

# frames 1-3
  N<-c(70,70)
  for (i in 1:length(geet)){
     g<-geet[i]
     ef<-pcf.func(func,N,marginal=marginal,g=g) 
     dp<-draw.pcf(ef)
     contour(dp$x,dp$y,dp$z,nlevels=70,xlab="",ylab="")
  } 

# frames 4-6
  N<-c(40,40)
  for (i in 1:length(geet)){
     g<-geet[i]
     ef<-pcf.func(func,N,marginal=marginal,g=g) 
     dp<-draw.pcf(ef)
     persp(dp$x,dp$y,dp$z,theta=-25,phi=40,ticktype="detailed",
     xlab="",ylab="",zlab="") 
  }

Figure 18

func<-"clayton"
N<-c(100,100)  
marginal<-"gauss"
yla<-3
ala<--yla
support<-c(ala,yla,ala,yla)
geet<-c(1,2,4)

# frames 1-3
 for (i in 1:length(geet)){
   g<-geet[i]
   pcf<-pcf.func(func,N,support=support,marginal=marginal,g=g)
   dp<-draw.pcf(pcf)
   contour(dp$x,dp$y,dp$z,nlevel=50)
 }

Figure 19

func<-"clayton"
marginal<-"normal"
yla<-4
ala<--yla
support<-c(ala,yla,ala,yla)
g<-4 

N<-c(120,120)  

pcf<-pcf.func(func,N,support=support,marginal=marginal,g=g)
dp<-draw.pcf(pcf)

propor<-0.005  
st.big<-leafsfirst(pcf,propor=propor,refe=c(0,0))
modenum<-2
st22<-prunemodes(st.big,modenum=modenum)  

paletti<-c("red","blue","green",
 "orange","navy","darkgreen",
 "orchid","aquamarine","turquoise",
 "pink","violet","magenta","chocolate","cyan",
 colors()[50:657],colors()[50:657])

paletti<-c("red","blue","green")

ts<-tree.segme(st22,pcf=pcf,paletti=paletti)

# frame 1
  draw.levset(pcf,propor=propor,col=ts)
  text(-3.9,-3.9,"M2")
  text(3.1,3.1,"M1")

# frame 2
  plotvolu(st22,colo=TRUE,ptext=0.3,proba=TRUE,modelabel=TRUE)

# frame 3
  plotbary(st22,modelabel=TRUE,ptext=0.3)

# frame 4
  plotbary(st22,modelabel=TRUE,coordi=2,ptext=0.3)

Figure 20

g<-4
seed<-2
n<-1000

library(copula)
family="clayton"
c.cop<-archmCopula(family, param=g, dim=2)
set.seed(seed)
dendat<-rcopula(c.cop, n=n)
dendat<-qnorm(dendat)

rl<-min(dendat)
ru<-max(dendat)

rho<-1
tt<-leafsfirst(dendat=dendat,rho=rho)

paletti<-c("red","blue","green",
 "orange","navy","darkgreen",
 "orchid","aquamarine","turquoise",
 "pink","violet","magenta","chocolate","cyan",
 colors()[50:657],colors()[50:657])
ts<-tree.segme(tt,paletti=paletti)

# frame 1 
   plot(dendat,col=ts,xlim=c(rl,ru),ylim=c(rl,ru),
        xlab="coordinate 1",ylab="coordinate 2")
   text(-3,-3.1,"M1")
   text(2.8,2.9,"M2")

# frame 2
   plotvolu(tt,modelabel=TRUE,colo=TRUE,ptext=0.2)

# frame 3
   plotbary(tt,coordi=1,modelabel=TRUE,ptext=0.2) 

# frame 4
   plotbary(tt,coordi=2,modelabel=TRUE,ptext=0.2) 

Figure 21

func<-"clayton"
marginal<-"normal"
yla<-4
ala<--yla
support<-c(ala,yla,ala,yla)
g<-2

N<-c(120,120)
pcf<-pcf.func(func,N,support=support,marginal=marginal,g=g)
dp<-draw.pcf(pcf)

propor<-0.005  #lev<-0.005*max(pcf$value)
st.big<-leafsfirst(pcf,propor=propor,refe=c(0,0))
modenum<-2
st22<-prunemodes(st.big,modenum=modenum)  

st.pro<-leafsfirst(pcf,propor=propor,refe=c(0,0),levmet="proba")
st.pro.22<-prunemodes(st.pro,modenum=modenum)

paletti<-c("red","blue","green")

ts<-tree.segme(st22,pcf=pcf,paletti=paletti)

# frame 1
  draw.levset(pcf,propor=propor,col=ts)
  text(-3.9,-3.9,"M1")
  text(3,3,"M2")

# frame 2
  plotvolu(st22,colo=TRUE,ptext=0.3,modelabel=TRUE)

# frame 3
  plotvolu(st22,colo=TRUE,ptext=0.3,proba=TRUE,modelabel=TRUE)

# frame 4
  plotvolu(st.pro.22,colo=TRUE,ptext=0.003,modelabel=TRUE)

Figure 22

func<-"frank"
marginal<-"unif"
geet<-c(-1,3,5)

# frames 1-3
  N<-c(70,70)
  for (i in 1:length(geet)){
     g<-geet[i]
     ef<-pcf.func(func,N,marginal=marginal,g=g) 
     dp<-draw.pcf(ef)
     contour(dp$x,dp$y,dp$z,nlevels=70,xlab="x",ylab="y") 
  }

# frames 4-6
  N<-c(40,40)
  for (i in 1:length(geet)){
     g<-geet[i]
     ef<-pcf.func(func,N,marginal=marginal,g=g) 
     dp<-draw.pcf(ef)
     persp(dp$x,dp$y,dp$z,theta=-25,phi=40,ticktype="detailed",
     xlab="",ylab="",zlab="") 
  }

Figure 23

func<-"frank"
N<-c(100,100)  #c(32,32)
marginal<-"gauss"
yla<-3
ala<--yla
support<-c(ala,yla,ala,yla)
geet<-c(-1,3,5)

# frames 1-3
  for (i in 1:length(geet)){
    g<-geet[i]
    pcf<-pcf.func(func,N,support=support,marginal=marginal,g=g)
    dp<-draw.pcf(pcf)
    contour(dp$x,dp$y,dp$z,nlevel=50,xlab="",ylab="")
  }

Figure 24

func<-"frank"
marginal<-"normal"
yla<-3.5
ala<--yla
support<-c(ala,yla,ala,yla)
g<-5

N<-c(120,120)  

pcf<-pcf.func(func,N,support=support,marginal=marginal,g=g)
dp<-draw.pcf(pcf)

propor<-0.005  
st.big<-leafsfirst(pcf,propor=propor,refe=c(0,0))
modenum<-2
st22<-prunemodes(st.big,modenum=modenum)  

paletti<-c("red","blue","green",
 "orange","navy","darkgreen",
 "orchid","aquamarine","turquoise",
 "pink","violet","magenta","chocolate","cyan",
 colors()[50:657],colors()[50:657])

paletti<-c("red","blue","green")

ts<-tree.segme(st22,pcf=pcf,paletti=paletti)

# frame 1
  draw.levset(pcf,propor=propor,col=ts)
  text(-3.1,-3.1,"M1")
  text(3.1,3.1,"M2")

# frame 2
  plotvolu(st22,colo=TRUE,ptext=0.3,proba=TRUE,modelabel=TRUE)

# frame 3
  plotbary(st22,modelabel=TRUE,ptext=0.3)

# frame 4
  plotbary(st22,modelabel=TRUE,coordi=2,ptext=0.3)

Figure 25

g<-5
seed<-3
n<-1000

library(copula)
family="frank"
c.cop<-archmCopula(family, param=g, dim=2)
set.seed(seed)
dendat<-rcopula(c.cop, n=n)
dendat<-qnorm(dendat)

rl<-min(dendat)
ru<-max(dendat)

rho<-1.3
tt<-leafsfirst(dendat=dendat,rho=rho)

paletti<-c("red","blue","green",
 "orange","navy","darkgreen",
 "orchid","aquamarine","turquoise",
 "pink","violet","magenta","chocolate","cyan",
 colors()[50:657],colors()[50:657])

ts<-tree.segme(tt,paletti=paletti)

# frame 1 
  plot(dendat,col=ts,xlim=c(rl,ru),ylim=c(rl,ru),
       xlab="coordinate 1",ylab="coordinate 2")
  text(-2.7,-2.7,"M1")
  text(2.7,2.9,"M2")

# frame 2
  plotvolu(tt,modelabel=TRUE,colo=TRUE,ptext=0.2)

# frame 3
  plotbary(tt,coordi=1,modelabel=TRUE,ptext=0.2) 

# frame 4
  plotbary(tt,coordi=2,modelabel=TRUE,ptext=0.2) 

Figure 26

func<-"frank"
marginal<-"normal"
yla<-3.5
ala<--yla
support<-c(ala,yla,ala,yla)
g<-2

N<-c(120,120)
pcf<-pcf.func(func,N,support=support,marginal=marginal,g=g)
dp<-draw.pcf(pcf)

propor<-0.005  #lev<-0.005*max(pcf$value)
st.big<-leafsfirst(pcf,propor=propor,refe=c(0,0))
modenum<-2
st22<-prunemodes(st.big,modenum=modenum)  

st.pro<-leafsfirst(pcf,propor=propor,refe=c(0,0),levmet="proba")
st.pro.22<-prunemodes(st.pro,modenum=modenum)

paletti<-c("red","blue","green")

ts<-tree.segme(st22,pcf=pcf,paletti=paletti)

# frame 1
  draw.levset(pcf,propor=propor,col=ts)
  text(-3,-3,"M1")
  text(3,3,"M2")

# frame 2
  plotvolu(st22,colo=TRUE,ptext=0.3,modelabel=TRUE)

# frame 3
  plotvolu(st22,colo=TRUE,ptext=0.3,proba=TRUE,modelabel=TRUE)

# frame 4
  plotvolu(st.pro.22,colo=TRUE,ptext=0.003,modelabel=TRUE)